Clinical backgroundEtiology: Human dirofilariasis is caused by Dirofilaria repens (subcutaneous/ocular) and Dirofilaria immitis (pulmonary). Humans are accidental, dead-end hosts. Transmission: Mosquito-borne from infected dogs or wild carnivores. Presentation: 1. D. repens: Subcutaneous or ocular nodules, often painless. 2. D. immitis: Pulmonary “coin lesions,” usually asymptomatic.Lab findings: Peripheral eosinophilia is inconsistent. Serology is unreliable. Imaging may... Continue Reading →